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In-text Citations: The Template and Ambiguous Citations

The Citations Template

We now begin to specify how the style will configure the citations which occur within the text of the paper. Look at the Instructions for Authors, and you will see that our journal is using the form: (Kramer, 1994).

In the left-hand frame, there are various sub-sections under the heading Citations. Click on Templates.

In the panel on the right-hand side of the styles window, click on the Insert Field button and select Author from the pop-up menu. This tells EndNote that you want the contents of the Author field from the references in your library to appear in the in-text citation. After the word "Author", type a comma and press the space bar. Click on the Insert Field button again, and select Year from the menu.

Finally, enclose the text which you have inserted with brackets.

Note the small box labelled Multiple citation separator. This refers to cases where two or more references are being cited at the same time. Look at page 2 of the sample article, and you will see examples of this, e.g. (Harborne, 1993; Ingrouille, 1992). So replace the text in the Multiple citation separator box with a semicolon followed by a space. The screen should now look like this:

When creating a style, it is important to save your work as you proceed. If you close a style edit window, you will be prompted to save your changes. But you can save your work at any time by holding down the Ctrl key and pressing S.

Note that the Instructions for Authors specify that the author name should be dropped from the citation if the author has already been named in the text. Remember that this is done by editing the citation in your word processor, not by configuring the output style.

If you were creating a numbered style, you would select Bibliography Number from the Insert Field menu. If the style required that the number be a superscript, you would have to highlight Bibliography Number and use the Edit option on the menu bar at the top of the EndNote screen, and then select Style>Superscript.

Ambiguous Citations

In the left-hand frame, click on the subheading Ambiguous Citations. This tells the style how to cope with situations where you cite, for example, two articles by authors called Smith and both were published in the same year.

The Instructions for Authors and our sample paper give us no guidance on this point, so we will select the most common option. Check the box labelled Add a letter after the year.

The other options are self-explanatory. You can select more than one option. If you were creating a numbered style, you would not need to select any of these options, as numbered citations are always unique.

There is an option to Use short title to distinguish different works by the same author. This option can only be selected if you have entered data in the Short Title field in the references in your library. EndNote will not generate the short title for you.

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