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Footnote Styles

The other sections of this tutorial show how to create an author/date style in EndNote. The present section is an addendum which deals with footnote styles.

Footnote styles fall into two types:

• Footnotes Only
  The output style will only generate references in the footnotes. There will be no bibliography at the end of the document. These styles are normally used for short works, such as journal articles.
• Footnotes Plus Bibliography
  The output style will generate references in the footnotes and a bibliography at the end of the document. These styles are normally used for longer works, such as books and theses.

We shall look at each of these types of style separately.

1. Footnotes Only

If you would like to create an output style which will generate references in the footnotes only, without a bibliography at the end, go back to the list of contents of the tutorial and work through the following sections: sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 9. Then study the information given below.

Footnotes: Templates

Under the Footnotes heading in the styles edit window, click on Templates. The first section shows options for how to Format citations in footnotes. If the style is only going to generate footnotes, then you should select the option With Footnote Format.

When you select the option With Footnote Format, you will notice that on the left-hand side of the style edit window, there are now several extra options listed under the Footnotes heading. We shall be looking at these options later.

Uncheck the option Include references in bibliography. This will tell EndNote not to generate a bibliography at the end of the document. Consult your instructions for authors or style manual to establish how multiple references in the one footnote should be separated. Then enter the appropriate text in the box labelled Multiple citation separator.

At the bottom of this panel is the window where you enter the templates for each reference type. This is the same procedure as covered in section 10 of this tutorial. There are however a couple of differences with footnote templates. Firstly, each template will normally not end with a full-stop. This is because you may wish to add text after a reference which you have inserted in a footnote.

Secondly, it is common to use the Insert Field button to insert the Cited Pages option at the end of a footnote template. This means that, when writing your document in Microsoft Word, you can use the Edit Citation(s) command and insert data in the Pages box to create a reference to a specific page or range of pages. The output style will add the page numbers to the citation. When you insert Cited Pages in the footnote templates, you may wish to insert before it an abbreviation like "p.^pp.". If you do this, remember to use the Link Adjacent Text character to link the abbreviation to the Cited Pages.

At this stage, your Footnote Templates might look something like this:

Footnotes: Author Lists, Author Name, Editor Lists, Editor Names

Under the Footnotes heading, work through the Author Lists, Author Name, Editor Lists and Editor Names section. For details of how to configure these sections, see Section 11 and Section 12 of this tutorial.

In references in footnotes, author and editor names are normally cited with the forename first, so you will probably be selecting the options for "Jane Smith" and "John Doe".

Footnotes: Repeated Citations

Under the Footnotes heading, click on Repeated Citations. The first section, Repeated Citations in Footnotes, gives you the option When a reference repeats, use short form. If you check this option, the second time that a reference is cited, the output style will insert only the author's name and the cited pages (if any). You can also check the Include Title/Short Title option: with this option, the output style will add the contents of the Short Title field (if it is present in the reference in your library) or otherwise the contents of the Title field.

The next section, Special Handling of Consecutive Footnotes, allows you to specify that you want the output style to use "Ibid." (or some variant of it) when a reference is repeated in consecutive footnotes.

The section headed If the same source repeats in consecutive footnotes, refers to cases such as two different articles from the same journal. In such cases the data which is common to both references (i.e. the journal name) can be replaced by "Ibid." (or some variant of it).

Footnotes: Title Capitalization

Under the Footnotes heading, click on Title Capitalization. As explained in Section 13, the best option here is Leave Titles as Entered.

2. Footnotes Plus Bibliography

If you would like to create an output style which will generate references in the footnotes plus a bibliography at the end of the document, go back to the list of contents of the tutorial and work through the following sections: sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. Then study the information given below.

Footnotes: Templates

Under the Footnotes heading in the styles edit window, click on Templates. The first section shows options for how to Format citations in footnotes. The most common option is With Footnote Format. If you choose the option Same as Bibliography, you will not need to complete the templates for the specific reference types in the lower section of the window, and the only other section that you will have to complete under the Footnotes heading is the Repeated Citations section.

If you select the option With Footnote Format, you will notice that on the left-hand side of the style edit window, there are now several extra options listed under the Footnotes heading. We shall be looking at these options later.

Check the option Include references in bibliography. This will tell EndNote to generate a bibliography at the end of the document. Consult your instructions for authors or style manual to establish how multiple references in the one footnote should be separated. Then enter the appropriate text in the box labelled Multiple citation separator.

At the bottom of this panel is the window where you enter the templates for each reference type. This is the same procedure as covered in section 10 of this tutorial. You will probably find that you can copy and paste most of the data from the Templates section under the Bibliography heading. There are however a couple of differences with footnote templates. Firstly, each template will normally not end with a full-stop. This is because you may wish to add text after a reference which you have inserted in a footnote.

Secondly, it is common to use the Insert Field button to insert the Cited Pages option at the end of a footnote template. This means that, when writing your document in Microsoft Word, you can use the Edit Citation(s) command and insert data in the Pages box to create a reference to a specific page or range of pages. The output style will add the page numbers to the citation. When you insert Cited Pages in the footnote templates, you may wish to insert before it an abbreviation like "p.^pp.". If you do this, remember to use the Link Adjacent Text character to link the abbreviation to the Cited Pages.

At this stage, your Footnote Templates might look something like this:

Footnotes: Author Lists, Author Name, Editor Lists, Editor Names

Under the Footnotes heading, work through the Author Lists, Author Name, Editor Lists and Editor Names section. For details of how to configure these sections, see Section 11 and Section 12 of this tutorial.

In references in footnotes, author and editor names are normally cited with the forename first, so you will probably be selecting the options for "Jane Smith" and "John Doe".

Footnotes: Repeated Citations

Under the Footnotes heading, click on Repeated Citations. The first section, Repeated Citations in Footnotes, gives you the option When a reference repeats, use short form. If you check this option, the second time that a reference is cited, the output style will insert only the author's name and the cited pages (if any). You can also check the Include Title/Short Title option: with this option, the output style will add the contents of the Short Title field (if it is present in the reference in your library) or otherwise the contents of the Title field.

The next section, Special Handling of Consecutive Footnotes, allows you to specify that you want the output style to use "Ibid." (or some variant of it) when a reference is repeated in consecutive footnotes.

The section headed If the same source repeats in consecutive footnotes, refers to cases such as two different articles from the same journal. In such cases the data which is common to both references (i.e. the journal name) can be replaced by "Ibid." (or some variant of it).

Footnotes: Title Capitalization

Under the Footnotes heading, click on Title Capitalization. As explained in Section 13, the best option here is Leave Titles as Entered.

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