How do I cite a source appearing within another source?

Where possible, the original source should be referred to and cited, but if it is important to acknowledge both sources together, then according to AGLC3 rule 1.3, use a clause - quoting, quoted in, citing, cited in - to link both references.

Example:

• Byrnes v Kendle (2011) 243 CLR 253, 254, citing Orr v Ford (1989) 167 CLR 316, 337-341.
• Orr v Ford (1989) 167 CLR 316, 337, quoted in Byrnes v Kendle (2011) 243 CLR 253, 254.

Can I footnote multiple sources in the same footnote?

Yes, according to AGLC3 Rule 1.1.3, but you need to use a semicolon between each source. Do not use 'and' between the second-last and last source.

Example: Byrnes v Kendle (2011) 243 CLR 253; Orr v Ford (1989) 167 CLR 316.

How should I cite a judicial officer? Should I include their title?

This can be tricky because it depends if the judge is writing curially or extra-curially - that is, writing in judgement or not. Consult the general rule (AGLC3 1.14.4) in conjunction with the rule appropriate to the jurisdiction (see below).

The general rule says, if citing a decision of the court, it is appropriate to refer to the judge's surname and title in-text and in-citation where their identity is not otherwise apparent. The title is usually abbreviated and appears after the surname (see the full list of judicial abbreviations at AGLC3 Rule 2.9.1). For example, Mason CJ

If the judicial officer is writing extra-curially, the unabbreviated judicial title may be used. For instance, Chief Justice Mason.

Rules:

• 1.14.4 General Rule
• 2.9.1 Identifying Judicial Officers (Domestic Cases)
• 9.2.8 Identifying Judges (International Court of Justice)
• 23.1.6 Identifying Judicial Officers (United Kingdom)
• 24.1.8 Identifying Judges (United States)

Can I cite the popular or abbreviated name of a case?

While it is important to ensure that you have included the full citation of the case the first time you reference it, according to AGLC3 Rule 2.1.14, you can use an abbreviated or popular case name when you are referring to the case more than once. This first time you reference a case, include the full details including party names and citation followed the popular or short title in single inverted commas and parenthesis. As in:

First reference: Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1 ('Tasmanian Dam Case').

In subsequent references replace the party names with the short title: Tasmanian Dam Case (1983) 158 CLR 1.

Should I count my footnotes in the assignment word count?

As a general rule, headings and quotations are included in your assignment word count, but you should check your assignment task description to see if footnotes should be counted.